How does a Li-ion battery function and how can it be improved? The lack of experimental data on real lifetimes of Li-ion batteries in changeable climatic conditions – from +40☌ to -40☌ (the required lifetime of batteries is ten years for vehicles and 1-4 years for laptops) constitutes also a big problem.Ģ. This raises numerous challenges to develop new material technologies – cell components with a better chemical and thermal stability, as well as to solve problems such as heat dissipation dependent on the cell housing system. The bigger the capacity, the more energy is accumulated – therefore, more strict security measures must apply. The security of usage of that kind of batteries is an important issue. The required capacity of a Li-ion battery for vehicle applications and renewable energy systems is much bigger than for portable electronics – 20-100 kWh. Promising for the future and still undergoing rapid development is the technology of reversible lithium cells, commonly known as Li-ion batteries. The widespread technology of reversible Ni-Cd and NiMH cells reached the theoretical limit of available improvements. Huge development electric vehicles market and storage energy in renewable energy systems forces usage of batteries characterized by high volumetric and gravimetric density of stored energy, exhibiting large number of charge/discharge cycles, being safe for user as well as of low environmental impact and low cost.
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